Compare Niger (2002) - British Indian Ocean Territory (2004)

Compare Niger (2002) z British Indian Ocean Territory (2004)

	Niger (2002)	British Indian Ocean Territory (2004)

Administrative divisions	7 departments (departements, singular - departement) and 1 capital district (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder	-
Age structure	0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,594,932; female 2,503,867) 15-64 years: 49.8% (male 2,594,307; female 2,706,164) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 125,898; female 114,576) (2002 est.)	-
Agriculture - products	cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry	-
Airports	26 (2001)	1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 9 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 under 914 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	-
Area	total: 1.267 million sq km land: 1,266,700 sq km water: 300 sq km	total: 60 sq km land: 60 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago
Area - comparative	slightly less than twice the size of Texas	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Not until 1993, 35 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999.	Established as a territory of the UK in 1965, a number of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) islands were transferred to the Seychelles when it attained independence in 1976. Subsequently, BIOT has consisted only of the six main island groups comprising the Chagos Archipelago. The largest and most southerly of the islands, Diego Garcia, contains a joint UK-US naval support facility. All of the remaining islands are uninhabited. Former agricultural workers, earlier residents in the islands, were relocated primarily to Mauritius but also to the Seychelles, between 1967 and 1973. In 2000, a British High Court ruling invalidated the local immigration order that had excluded them from the archipelago, but upheld the special military status of Diego Garcia.
Birth rate	49.95 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Budget	revenues: $320 million, including $134 million from foreign sources expenditures: $320 million, including capital expenditures of $178 million (2002 est.)	-
Capital	Niamey	-
Climate	desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south	tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	698 km
Constitution	the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999	-
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger	conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
Currency	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States	-
Death rate	22.25 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Debt - external	$1.6 billion (1999 est.)	-
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK; administered by a commissioner, resident in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Gail Dennise Thomas MATHIEU embassy: Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey mailing address: B. P. 11201, Niamey telephone: [227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64 FAX: [227] 73 31 67, 72-31-46	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph DIATTA chancery: 2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227 FAX: [1] (202)483-3169	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Niger and Benin have refered to the ICJ the dispute over l'Ete and 14 smaller islands in the Niger River, which has never been delimited; the Benin-Niger-Nigeria tripoint remains undemarcated; Lake Chad Basin Commission urges signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over lake region, the site of continuing armed clashes; Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger in a currently dormant dispute	Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; the UK resists the Chagossians' demand for an immediate return to the islands; repatriation is complicated by the exclusive US military lease of Diego Garcia that restricted access to the largest island in the chain
Economic aid - recipient	$341 million (1997) note: the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative (1997)	-
Economy - overview	Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000-01, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $105 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation. The IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative.	All economic activity is concentrated on the largest island of Diego Garcia, where joint UK-US defense facilities are located. Construction projects and various services needed to support the military installations are done by military and contract employees from the UK, Mauritius, the Philippines, and the US. There are no industrial or agricultural activities on the islands. When the Ilois return, they plan to reestablish sugarcane production and fishing.
Electricity - consumption	404.6 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	200 million kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	220 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by the US military
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Niger River 200 m highest point: Mont Bagzane 2,022 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location on Diego Garcia 15 m
Environment - current issues	overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates	-
Exchange rates	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro	-
Executive branch	chief of state: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government head of government: President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president cabinet: 23-member Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Commissioner Tony CROMBIE (since January 2004); Administrator Charles A. HAMILTON (since 2002); note - both reside in the UK cabinet: NA elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; commissioner and administrator appointed by the monarch
Exports	$246 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)	-
Exports - commodities	uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)	-
Exports - partners	France 43.4%, Nigeria 35.0%, Spain 4.5%, US 3.9% (2000)	-
Fiscal year	calendar year	-
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band	white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP	purchasing power parity - $8.4 billion (2001 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 41% industry: 17% services: 42% (2000)	-
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $820 (2001 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	3.1% (2001 est.)	-
Geographic coordinates	16 00 N, 8 00 E	6 00 S, 71 30 E
Geography - note	landlocked; one of the hottest countries in the world: northern four-fifths is desert, southern one-fifth is savanna, suitable for livestock and limited agriculture	archipelago of 2,300 islands; Diego Garcia, largest and southernmost island, occupies strategic location in central Indian Ocean; island is site of joint US-UK military facility
Highways	total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1996)	total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1% highest 10%: 35% (1995) (1995)	-
Imports	$331 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)	-
Imports - commodities	consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals	-
Imports - partners	France 16.8%, Cote d'Ivoire 13.4%, US 9.6%, Nigeria 7.6% (2000)	-
Independence	3 August 1960 (from France)	-
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	-
Industries	uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses	-
Infant mortality rate	122.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	-
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.2% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	-
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2002)	-
Irrigated land	660 sq km (1998 est.)	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel	-
Labor force	70,000 receive regular wages or salaries	-
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%	-
Land boundaries	total: 5,697 km border countries: Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 3.94% permanent crops: 0% other: 96.06% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	French (official), Hausa, Djerma	-
Legal system	based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms) elections: last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4	-
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 41.91 years male: 42.04 years female: 41.77 years (2002 est.)	-
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 15.3% male: 21.2% female: 9.4% (2002)	-
Location	Western Africa, southeast of Algeria	archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
Map references	Africa	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	territorial sea: 3 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
Military branches	Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, National Intervention and Security Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$20.9 million (FY01)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.3% (FY01)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,270,793 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,227,994 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 108,993 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Republic Day, 18 December (1958)	-
Nationality	noun: Nigerien(s) adjective: Nigerien	-
Natural hazards	recurring droughts	NA
Natural resources	uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum	coconuts, fish, sugarcane
Net migration rate	-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	-
Population	10,639,744 (July 2002 est.)	no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in 2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personnel and 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	63% (1993 est.)	-
Population growth rate	2.7% (2002 est.)	-
Ports and harbors	none	Diego Garcia
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 6, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	680,000 (1997)	-
Railways	0 km (2002)	-
Religions	Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.1 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	-
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)	general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	20,000 (2001)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	6,700 (2002)	-
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (2002)	1 (1997)
Terrain	predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north	flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
Total fertility rate	7 children born/woman (2002 est.)	-
Unemployment rate	NA%	-
Waterways	300 km note: the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March	-

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